Packet 1: Bonus 12
The “lithium test” is used to identify these objects because, unlike low-mass stars, they are unable to fuse lithium. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name these substellar objects that mostly belong to spectral classes L, T, and Y. As they emit mostly infrared light, they are difficult to detect with telescopes.
ANSWER: brown dwarfs
[10m] Observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope suggest that an “iron” version of this phenomenon occurs in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs. Scientists have simulated the “diamond” type of this phenomenon, which is thought to occur on Uranus and Neptune.
ANSWER: rain [accept precipitation; accept iron rain; accept diamond rain]
[10e] Because they are often invisible to telescopes, brown dwarfs have been proposed as MACHOs, a candidate for this type of matter, which does not interact with light and is thought to make up 85% of the mass of the universe.
ANSWER: dark matter [reject “dark energy”]
<Astronomy — June Yin> | SHOW-ME Four Packet 1
| Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | 20.00 | 100% | 76% | 24% |
Conversion
| Team | Opponent | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Total | Parts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coldwater | Hillsdale Academy D | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | HME |
| DeWitt A | Williamston | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 | ME |
| Detroit Catholic Central A | New Boston Huron | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | HME |
| Detroit Catholic Central B | Detroit Country Day B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 | ME |
| Detroit Catholic Central C | Troy A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 | HE |
| Grand Ledge | Troy B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 | ME |
| Hillsdale Academy A | DeWitt B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | E |
| Hillsdale Academy B | Okemos B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 | ME |
| Hillsdale Academy C | New Buffalo A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | E |
| Holt | Traverse City Central A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 | ME |
| Rockford A | New Buffalo B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 | ME |
| Traverse City Central B | Rockford B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 | ME |
| U of D Jesuit | Chelsea | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | E |
| White Cloud A | Detroit Country Day A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | E |
| White Cloud B | Utica Academy | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 | ME |
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Match | Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rube Goldberg XIX | 11/20/2025 | ✓ | 15 | 18.67 | 100% | 67% | 20% |
| SHOW-ME Four Nationwide HS | 11/20/2025 | ✓ | 5 | 24.00 | 100% | 100% | 40% |
| SPOOKY IX | 11/20/2025 | ✓ | 5 | 20.00 | 100% | 80% | 20% |