Round 8: Tossup 20

This field is analogized to “puzzle-solving” in a book that describes incommensurability between periods of thought in this field described as “normal” and “revolutionary.” The Duhem–Quine thesis argues against Karl Popper’s standard for evaluating work in this field. Thomas Kuhn discussed “paradigm shifts” in his book titled “The Structure of [this field’s] Revolutions.” Some thinkers (15[1])argue that all work in this field should be (*) falsifiable. (10[1])Francis Bacon’s Novum (10[1])Organum was instrumental in the development of an inductive hypothesis-based “method” for this general field. For 10 points, name (10[1])this general field of study discussed in Aristotle’s Physics. ■END■ (0[2])

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