Packet 2: Tossup 12

These structures’ homology with the type 3 secretion system in some (15[1])bacteria contradicts claims by proponents of creationism that these structures are “irreducibly complex.” (-5[1])These structures’ “endo-” variety are unique to spirochetes (-5[1])(“SPY-roh-keets”) and are the cause of those organisms’ eccentric corkscrew shapes. (-5[3])In bacteria, these structures use either a sodium or proton gradient (-5[1])to drive the (-5[2])“Mot” (-5[2])(*) (“moat”) rotor (10[1])complex. (10[1])These structures’ clockwise and counterclockwise rotation causes “run-and-tumble” (10[1])movement in bacteria (10[1])during chemotaxis (“kee-mo-TAX-is”). For 10 points, (10[3])name these whiplike (10[1])organelles (10[2])present (10[2])in most motile cells, (-5[1])which are (-5[1])longer than cilia (10[1])■END■ (10[7]0[3])

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