Round 2: Tossup 12

These structures’ homology with the type 3 secretion system in some bacteria contradicts claims by proponents of creationism that these structures are “irreducibly complex.” (-5[1])These structures’ “endo-” variety are unique to spirochetes (-5[1])(“SPY-roh-keets”) and are the cause of those organisms’ eccentric corkscrew shapes. (-5[2])In bacteria, these structures use either a sodium or proton gradient to drive the (-5[1])“Mot” (-5[2])(*) (“moat”) rotor (10[1])complex. These structures’ clockwise and counterclockwise rotation causes “run-and-tumble” movement in bacteria during chemotaxis (“kee-mo-TAX-is”). For 10 points, (10[2])name these whiplike organelles (10[2])present (10[1])in most motile cells, (-5[1])which are (-5[1])longer than cilia (10[1])■END■ (10[5]0[3])

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