Round 2: Tossup 12

These structures’ homology with the type 3 secretion system in some (15[1])bacteria contradicts claims by proponents of creationism that these structures are “irreducibly complex.” These structures’ “endo-” variety are unique to spirochetes (“SPY-roh-keets”) and are the cause of those organisms’ eccentric corkscrew shapes. In bacteria, these structures use either a sodium or proton gradient to drive the (-5[1])“Mot” (*) (“moat”) rotor complex. (10[1])These structures’ clockwise and counterclockwise rotation causes “run-and-tumble” (10[1])movement in bacteria (10[1])during chemotaxis (“kee-mo-TAX-is”). For 10 points, name these whiplike organelles present (10[1])in most motile cells, which are longer than cilia ■END■

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