Round 7: Tossup 8

According to the Knudson hypothesis, genes named for countering these structures require “two hits” to deactivate. During inflammation, macrophages secrete a cytokine (“SIGH-toh-kyne”) known as these structures’ namesake “necrosis factor.” These structures, whose namesake suppressor genes include the “guardian angel (15[1])of the (15[1])genome” (*) p53 (10[1])(“P-fifty-three”), are also known as neoplasms. The first immortal human cell line, HeLa (“hee-lah”) cells, were extracted from one of these structures in the cervix. These structures can be (10[1])benign or malignant depending on if they spread (10[1])or not, a process known as metastasis. For 10 points, name these abnormal cell growths that may be cancerous. ■END■

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